Civil War History in Washington, D.C.: Key Sites and Stories

Washington, D.C. played an important role during the American Civil War. As the political and military hub of the Union, the city witnessed significant events and housed important sites related to the conflict. In this guide, we will explore key Civil War sites in Washington, D.C., uncovering the stories and history that shaped the nation during this tumultuous period. Read on for more.

Fort Stevens

The Battle of Fort Stevens

Fort Stevens is the site of one of the few battles fought in Washington, D.C. In July 1864, Confederate General Jubal Early launched an attack on the capital, aiming to divert Union forces from the Shenandoah Valley. The fort, part of a defensive ring around the city, played a crucial role in repelling Early’s forces.

• President Lincoln’s Visit: During the battle, President Abraham Lincoln visited Fort Stevens, making him the only sitting president to come under enemy fire. He stood on the fort’s parapet, observing the battle, and was famously told to “get down, you fool” by a young officer.
• Reconstructed Earthworks: Today, visitors can explore the reconstructed earthworks of Fort Stevens and learn about the battle through informative plaques and exhibits.

Ford’s Theatre

The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Ford’s Theatre is the infamous site where President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865. This tragic event occurred just days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, marking a somber end to the Civil War.

• Museum Exhibits: The theater houses a museum with exhibits detailing Lincoln’s presidency, the events leading up to his assassination, and the manhunt for John Wilkes Booth.
• Theatre Tours: Visitors can take guided tours of the theater, seeing the presidential box where Lincoln was shot and learning about the events of that fateful night.
• Petersen House: Across the street from Ford’s Theatre is the Petersen House, where Lincoln was taken after being shot and where he died the following morning. The house is preserved as a historic site and offers additional exhibits.

Arlington National Cemetery

Arlington National Cemetery, located across the Potomac River in Virginia, is the final resting place for many Union soldiers. The cemetery’s most iconic site, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, honors unidentified soldiers who died in service to their country. The tomb is guarded 24/7 by the Old Guard.

Arlington also features a memorial to Confederate soldiers, recognizing the complex and painful legacy of the Civil War. Visitors can explore the gravesites of notable figures from the Civil War era, including General Philip Sheridan and General John Gibbon.

The Capitol During the Civil War

The U.S. Capitol building was a crucial site during the Civil War. The building itself was under construction when the war began, and its completion became a powerful symbol of the Union’s resilience.

• Capitol Dome: The iconic dome was completed during the war. Its construction was seen as a symbol of hope and unity. The Statue of Freedom was placed atop the dome in 1863.
• Civil War Statues and Memorials: Inside the Capitol, visitors can find statues and memorials dedicated to key figures of the Civil War, such as Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant.
• Historical Tours: Guided tours of the Capitol offer insights into its history during the Civil War, including its use as a barracks and hospital for Union soldiers.
  

The National Archives

The National Archives houses some of the most important documents in American history, including the original Emancipation Proclamation. Issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, this executive order declared the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory. Visitors can view the Emancipation Proclamation, along with other significant documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. The Archives also offer exhibits that provide context and insights into the Civil War era, including the political and social impact of the Emancipation Proclamation.

The African American Civil War Memorial and Museum is dedicated to the 209,145 African American soldiers and sailors who fought for the Union during the Civil War. Their contributions were crucial to the Union’s victory and the abolition of slavery.

• Spirit of Freedom Monument: The memorial features a striking bronze statue called the Spirit of Freedom, surrounded by a Wall of Honor listing the names of African American soldiers.
• Museum Exhibits: The museum provides detailed exhibits on the experiences of African American troops, their struggles for equality, and their contributions to the war effort.
  

The Lincoln Memorial, dedicated in 1922, honors President Abraham Lincoln and his contributions to the nation, particularly his efforts to end slavery and preserve the Union. The memorial features a massive statue of Lincoln seated and gazing out over the Reflecting Pool. Inscribed on the walls are excerpts from two of his most famous speeches, the Gettysburg Address and his Second Inaugural Address.

Located in Alexandria, Virginia, just a short drive from Washington, D.C., Fort Ward is one of the best-preserved forts that were part of the Union’s defensive network.

• Historical Exhibits: The museum at Fort Ward offers exhibits on Civil War military life, including uniforms, weapons, and personal items of soldiers.
• Reconstructed Fortifications: Visitors can explore the well-preserved earthworks and reconstructed sections of the fort.
• Living History Events: Fort Ward hosts reenactments and living history events, where visitors can experience Civil War drills, encampments, and demonstrations.
  

The Clara Barton Missing Soldiers Office Museum is dedicated to the life and work of Clara Barton, who founded the American Red Cross. During the Civil War, she operated the Missing Soldiers Office from this location, working tirelessly to identify and locate missing soldiers.

• Clara Barton’s Office: The museum preserves the original space where Barton and her staff worked, offering a unique glimpse into her efforts during the war.
• Exhibits and Artifacts: Visitors can explore exhibits that include personal artifacts, letters, and documents related to Barton’s work and the broader efforts to support soldiers and their families.
  

If you want to expand your Civil War history exploration beyond Washington D.C., several significant sites are within driving distance. These locations offer additional insights into the Civil War and its impact on the region.

Antietam National Battlefield

Located in Sharpsburg, Maryland, about 70 miles from Washington D.C., Antietam National Battlefield is the site of the bloodiest single-day battle in American history. On September 17, 1862, Union and Confederate forces clashed in a brutal fight that resulted in over 23,000 casualties. Visitors can tour the battlefield, visit the Antietam National Cemetery, and explore the museum and visitor center.

Gettysburg National Military Park

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, approximately 85 miles from Washington D.C., is one of the most famous battlefields of the Civil War. The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to 3, 1863, was a turning point in the war. The park offers extensive tours of the battlefield, the Gettysburg National Cemetery, and the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center, where visitors can learn about the battle and President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park

Harpers Ferry, West Virginia is about 65 miles from Washington D.C. It played a significant role in the Civil War. Known for John Brown’s raid in 1859, the town changed hands multiple times during the war. Visitors can explore the historic town, visit the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, and hike the surrounding trails with views of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers.

Washington, D.C., is a city rich with Civil War history, offering numerous sites and stories that provide deep insights into this pivotal period in American history. Exploring these locations is a way to connect with the past and honor the individuals who shaped the course of American history. A D.C. private tour company can help you plan a Civil War tour of the city that includes these important sites.

For more information on planning your visit to these historic Civil War sites, or to book a private guided tour of D.C., please contact Tiber Creek Private Tours. Our guides provide insights and personalized itineraries to enhance your exploration of the city’s rich Civil War history.